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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>Molasse Basin, Sternenberg, Germany</text>
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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                  <text>Turbidite sequences and carbonate pulses of deposition in a basin.</text>
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                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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                  <text>Oct. 10, 2013</text>
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                <text>Shale</text>
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                <text>Light grey to dark grey shale</text>
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                <text>Organic rich to moderate black to light grey shale. Some parts of FM-4 are silty shale. Minor rust stains are present on lighter samples. Representative of upper portion of a turbidite sequence. &#13;
&#13;
Thin Section&#13;
Very fine (&lt;.1 mm) grains are present in this sample, along with staining bands. Note the fair sorting, this sample is better sorted than the others of this suite, but not as well sorted as a typical shale. &#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>FM-4</text>
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                <text>Alpnach, Germany</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Oct., 11, 2013</text>
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            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Mesozoic </text>
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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>Molasse Basin, Sternenberg, Germany</text>
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              <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Turbidite sequences and carbonate pulses of deposition in a basin.</text>
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              <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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                <text>Light Sandstone</text>
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                <text>Coarse grained lithic quartz sandstone</text>
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                <text>Coarse grained mainly quartz sandstone with minor lithic and mud incorporated. Cross bedding present. Note the larger grain size of the sample, as well as the grains composed of conglomerate material indicating reworking of older sediments. Present still is the felsic material indicating more recent rocks being broken down as well.Â Cross bedding present.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Thin section Fine (1-1.5 mm) sub angular crystals of quartz, feldspar, and pyroxene packed against each other in a mud matrix.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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Thin Section&#13;
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: Holocrystalline, phaneritic, porphyritic, diorite with quratz crystals up to 3mm in diameter set in a field of smaller light gray, and dark gray crystals. Some small oxidized pyrite crystals. Very weathered on two sides to orange yellow color. Lesser weathering to a light-purple in other areas</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection is composed of igneous volcanic and intrusive rocks from the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri. The variation within the collection can be used to explain the geologic history of the area. The St. Francois Mountains batholith was formed by granitic intrusions into Precambrian rhyolites, tuffs, and breccias. Then basalt, diabase, and porphyritic intrusions cut the granitoids.</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/15"&gt; St. Francois Mountains Suite &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>St. Francois Mts. Batholith, Missouri red quarry of Missouri Granite Wares</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Thin Section, XPL: 25% medium-grained subhedral plagioclase crystals in a matrix of green and dark green aciciular grains with low birefringence. Opaques present.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/15"&gt; St. Francois Mountains Suite &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>St. Francois Mtns. Batholith, Missouri</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection is composed of igneous volcanic and intrusive rocks from the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri. The variation within the collection can be used to explain the geologic history of the area. The St. Francois Mountains batholith was formed by granitic intrusions into Precambrian rhyolites, tuffs, and breccias. Then basalt, diabase, and porphyritic intrusions cut the granitoids.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17991">
                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc. </text>
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              <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
              <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>St. Francois Mountains, Ozark region of Southeastern Missouri</text>
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              <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
              <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>Precambrian (1.476 Ga)</text>
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                <text>Rhyolite</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: Holocrystalline fine-to-medium-grained phaneritic rhyolite with quartz, biotite, and plagioclase crystals generally no larger than 2mm. Weathers to brownish-orange.</text>
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                <text>Thin Section, XPL: 35% medium-grained anhedral quartz and subhedral plagioclase feldspar crystals surrounded by very-fine grained quartz crystals. Small patches of very-fine-grained biotite interspersed. Opaques present.  </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/15"&gt; St. Francois Mountains Suite &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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