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                  <text>These 31 samples comprise a collection of volcanic rocks associated with the hot-spot volcanism of the Hawaiian Islands. Samples were collected from various locations across the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. The collection contains samples of primarily tholeiitic &amp; alkalic basalts, pumice, scoria, oceanite, and hawaiite. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Samples were collected from various locations on the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Basaltic Spatter</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: On cut face, aphanitic, gray basalt with light colored phaneritic crystals (~0.1 cm in size). Subparallel fractures noted across sample. Exterior of sample has been heavily weathered, resulting in the red and orange discoloration.</text>
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                <text>Thin Section: Groundmass of aphanitic plagioclase. Some larger plagioclase grains are found throughout the sample in addition to some olivine phenocrysts. Vesicles are present throughout sample. </text>
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Collected a few feet below the top of the cone near Kapoho, Kileau. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/656"&gt;Volcanic Phenomena Suite - The Hawaiian Islands of Hawaii and Oahu&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Maximum extent of eastern flow from main vent.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Thin Section: Composed primarily of medium size plagioclase crystals with some microcrystals of pyroxene.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Alkalic Olivine Basalt</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: Aphanitic light gray vesicular basalt  with large olivine crystals. Olivine phenocrysts range in size from single crystals approx. 0.1cm in diameter to clusters of olivine as large as 1cm in diameter. Vesicles throughout the sample are primarily large and also elongate in shape.</text>
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                <text>Volcanic Phenomena Suite - The Hawaiian Islands of Hawaii and Oahu</text>
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                  <text>(HA) Volcanic Phenomena Suite -- The Hawaiian Islands of Hawaii and Oahu</text>
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                  <text>These 31 samples comprise a collection of volcanic rocks associated with the hot-spot volcanism of the Hawaiian Islands. Samples were collected from various locations across the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. The collection contains samples of primarily tholeiitic &amp; alkalic basalts, pumice, scoria, oceanite, and hawaiite. </text>
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                  <text>Samples were collected from various locations on the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. </text>
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                  <text>Samples formed from Holocene eruptions of the past 300 years. Dated samples formed between 1750 and 1960. </text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Trachyte Obsidian</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: Aphanitic dark gray trachyte. Sample contains zones with abundant tiny vesicles (less than 0.1cm in diameter), however the majority of the sample does not contain any vesicles or phenocrysts. </text>
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                <text>Thin Section: Composed of aphanitic plagioclase grains displaying characteristic twinning in addition to a large amount of glass.</text>
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                <text>Puu Waawaa quarry,Hualalai - Island of Hawaii</text>
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                <text>Sample collected in January, 1969.</text>
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