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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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                  <text>Turbidite sequences and carbonate pulses of deposition in a basin.</text>
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                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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                <text>Fresh water marl with plant remains. Specimens selected to include leaf and or stem remains. Hand sample specimen is small and crumbly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fossil bearing biofloatstone composed of soft silt, mud and limestone matrix, with carbon imprint and original material remains, mainly gastropods and plant remains. Both are visible in thin section, along with mineral evidence that the sediment was not transported very far. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thin Section XPL and PPL images exhibit phosphatized remains, clay particles, as well as some quartz and lithics are present.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>The suite consists of samples from an ophiolite suite that outcrops in 3 locations in the Apennine mountain range in northern Italy.Â  The units are severely imbricated and folded.Â  The units are Cretaceous-Eocene in age.Â  The units consist of ultramafic rock, gabbro and peridotite instrusions, and basaltic magmas.</text>
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                  <text>Northern Apennines, Liguria Region, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 are taken from the region around Bargone, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are taken from the region around Sassello, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Sample 22 is taken from outside Genoa, Italy</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/" target="_blank"&gt;The Geneseo Geoscience Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Triassic - Eocene</text>
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                  <text>Purchased by Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/items/show/34"&gt;Northern Apennines Ophiolites Western Minerals Supplementary Information&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Glendale, New Hampshire</text>
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                <text>contains clots of black spheroids</text>
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