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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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2.2 miles east - southeast of Puu o Kawaiwai on road from Kamuela to Hawi</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Blakey, R.C., and Middleton, L.T., 2012, Geologic history and paleogeography of paleozoic and early mesozoic sedimentary rocks, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 489, pp. 81-92, doi: &lt;a href="%20http%3A//dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.2489(05)"&gt;10.1130/2012.2489(05)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.2489(05)%20" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This reference outlines the stratigraphy found in this suite. It specifically highlights the paleozoic era in which the samples represent.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Brown, E.H., Babcock, R.S., Clark, M.D., and Livingston, D.E., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon Part I. Petrology and structure of the Vishnu Complex: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 219-241, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90030-5%20"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90030-5Â &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Brown et al. begins this series of 3 articles outlining the geologic timescale and discusses the Vishnu complex and how it fits into the geologic timescale. It provides an explaination for several of the samples in this collection.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Brown, E.H., Babcock, R.S., Clark, M.D., and Livingston, D.E., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon Part II. The Zoroaster Plutonic Complex and related rocks: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 243-275, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90031-7" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90031-7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the second part of the article, the authors discuss the importance of the pluton and how it affected the formation of the stratigraphic profile of the grand canyon.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Clark, M.D., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon. Part III. Petrology of mafic schists and amphibolites: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 277-302, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90032-9" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90032-9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The final section of this discussion set provides insight into the mafic layers of the stratigraphic column.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Ilg, B.R., Karlstrom, K.E., Hawkins, D.P., and Williams, M.L., 1996,Â Tectonic evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Grand Canyon: Insights into middle-crustal processes:Â Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 108, p. 1149-1166, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This is a general look into the formation of the stratigraphic layers. This article does a good job combining the above articles into one condensed summary.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bickford, M.E. and Mose, D.G., 1974, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks, St. Francois Mountains, South eastern Missouri: GSA Special Papers 1975, v. 165, p. 1-48 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/SPE165-p1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Early study of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks within the St. Francois mountains. Provides further insight upon the sequence discussed in the dscription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meert, J.G. and Stuckey, W., 2002, Revisiting the paleomagnetism of the 1.476 Ga St. Francois Mountains igneous province, Missouri: Tectonics v. 21, Issue 2, p. 1-19 doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265%20" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001265 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Information acquired from paleomagnestism studies of the St. Francois igneous provence has proven fruitful for determining an acient paleomagnetic pole for Laurentia.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menuge, J.F, Brewer, T.S., and Seeger, C.M., 2002, Petrogenesis of metaluminous A-type rhyolites from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri and the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern Laurentian Margin: Precambrian Research, volume 113, issues 3-4, p. 269-291 doi: &lt;a href="http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X%20" target="_blank"&gt;http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00211-X &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Trace elemental analysis of Precambrian rocks from the SFM provide insight into the condition of crystallization and the elemental constituents which played a role into the interesting history of this rhyolitic provence.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rohs, R. C, and Van Schmus, W.R., 2006, Isotopic connection between basement rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the arbucks Mountains southern mid-continent, North America: International Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 96, Issue 4, p. 599-611 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0123-5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Radiometric study of the SFM provence and the Arbuckle mountains of southern Oklahoma suggests a common source.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenner, D. and Taylor Jr., H.P., 1976, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of a Precambian granite-rhyolite terrane, ST. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri: Geological Society of America bulletin v. 87, no. 11, p.1587-1598 &lt;br /&gt;doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606" target="_blank"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Isotopic analysis of oxygen isotope content within mineral grains within the Precambrian rhyolitic rocks of the SFM yields data that suggests Precambrian oceans were similar to modern day meteoric oceans.&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>(NH) Plutonic Magma Series -- Southwestern New Hampshire</text>
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                  <text>A sampling of the four plutonic stages of the New Hampshire series. This encompasses the Bethlehem Gneiss, the Kinsman Quartz Monzonite, the Spaulding Quartz Diorite and the Concord Granite.  The rocks cover the Mascoma, Sunapee, Mt. Kearsarge, Penacook, Hillsboro, and Concord Quadrangles.  The ages of the series range from 359-411 Ma.</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>August 1979</text>
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              <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
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                  <text>Southwestern New Hampshire: Mascoma, Sunapee, Mt. Kearsarge, Penacook, Hillsboro, and Concord Quadrangles</text>
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              <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
              <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17973">
                  <text>359-411 Ma</text>
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              <name>References</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17974">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Dorais, M.J., 2003, The petrogenesis and emplacement of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite: American Journal of Science, v. 303, pp. 447-487,Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of each of the four series in the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Clark, R.G., and Lyons, J.B., 1986, Petrogenesis of the Kinsman intrusive suite; peraluminous granitiods of western New Hampshire: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, pp. 1365-1393&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of the Kinsman Quartz Monzonite in detail.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke, E.F., 1978, Petrology of Spaulding Group tonalites from Penacook Quadrangle, New Hampshire [Ph.D. Thesis], Dartmouth College, 117 p.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This thesis details the emplacement, formation, and petrology of the Spaulding Quartz Diorite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lathrop, A.S., Blum, J.D., and Chamberlain, C.P., 1996, Nd, Sr and O isotopic study of the petrogeneseis of two syntectonic members of the New Hampshire plutonic series: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 124, pp. 126-138.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the elemental and isotopic analyses of the New Hampshire magma series in order to better understand the petrogenesis of the suite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lyons, J.B., and Livingston, D.E., 1977, Rb-Sr age of the New Hampshire Plutonic Series: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, pp. 1808-1812&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper uses Rb-Sr isotopic analyses in order to age date the four different members of the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hornblende Gabbro-Diorite</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/11"&gt;New Hampshire Magma Series&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Concord Quad, on highway 127, W flank of Emerson Hill, 1.25 mi E of Dam and Bridge at West Hiplinton</text>
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                <text>Devonian</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18004">
                <text>Hornblende Gabbro-Diorite from the Spaulding quartz diorite.  Thin section contains hornblende, plagioclase, and quartz. Hand sample contains hornblende, plagioclase, and quartz.</text>
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                  <text>(TMJ) Quartz-rich Metamorphic Suite -- Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto, Japan</text>
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains in Japan were created in an arc-arc collision, when the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc was subducted beneath the Honshu Arc. This eventually  accreted into the Tanzawa Mountains.  The samples in this collection were found in and around the Tanzawa Mountains.  The suite includes hornfels, amphibolites, quartz diorite, granophyres, and other basaltic rocks.  The samples range from fine to coarse grained.  An interesting feature found on many of the samples was a flow-like swirl of minerals in the thin section, visible in XPL.  The quartz diorite  samples had crystalline, powdery substances on them, which were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical compositions of the mentioned powdery substances were calcium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. </text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17776">
                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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            <element elementId="109">
              <name>References</name>
              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17996">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Kawate, S., and Makoto, A., 1998, Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan; exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc: Island Arc, v. 7, p. 342-358, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00194.x.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper explains the chemical variation and high SiO&lt;sub&gt;2Â &lt;/sub&gt;percentage of rocks within Tanzawa region, and describes in some depth the tectonic events that uplifted the Tanzawa Mountains. Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kitamura, K., Ishikawa, M., and Arima, M., 2003, Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc crust; constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 371, p.213-221,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00229-4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper researchs the variations in acoustic impedance between different hornblende-gabbroic rocks from Tanzawa, Japan.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mikami, K., 1953, Metamorphic rocks in the southeastern margin of the Tanzawa quartz-diorite mass: Science Reports of Yokohama National University, v. 2, p. 34-49&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper studies the chemical analysis of amphibolites resulting from contact metamorphism of the quartz-diorite mass in the Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tani, K., Dunkley, D. J., Kimura, J., Wysoczanski, R.J., Yamada, K., and Tatsumi, Y.,2010,Â Syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in an arc-arc collision zone: Evidence from the Tanzawa plutonic complex, Japan:Â Geology [Boulder], v. 38, p.215-218,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G30526.1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper discusses the collison that exposed the gabbroic rocks of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, and overall gives the reader an in-depth sturctural history of the Tanzawa Mountains.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yoshimura, T., 1997, Ca-Al silicates in low-grade metavolcanic rocks from southern Tanzawa Mountains, Central Japan: Journal of Mineralogy Petrology and Economic Geology, Â v. 92, p. 363-378, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.92.363.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper explains prevalence of greenschist facies within the Tanzawa Mountain region, and gives the mineral composition of rocks from southern region of Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
              <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="18059">
                  <text>The samples were found in the Tanzawa Mountains of Kanto, Japan. &#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="116">
              <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
              <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18060">
                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains were formed during the late Pliocene. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <description>A physical material with a mineral composition.</description>
      <elementContainer>
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          <name>Unit</name>
          <description>Formation or other descriptive rock category</description>
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              <text>Dike cutting hornfels at locality 1</text>
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        <element elementId="129">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Hornblende Porphyrite Dike</text>
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            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Rock Sample:&#13;
The sample is pinkish gray with brown to green phenocrysts.  There are fine-grained to medium-grained phenocrysts (0.5~5mm in length).  There is a dark-brown to orange coating, which is evidence of chemical weathering due to oxidation.  The matrix is white.  The sample has an overall rough texture.&#13;
&#13;
Thin Section:&#13;
There are grains of various sizes.  There is major mixing of plagioclase and hornblende in one section where the hornblende is intergrown into the plagioclase crystals. &#13;
-Matrix is Quartz (50%)&#13;
-Hornblende (20%)&#13;
-Garnet (10%)&#13;
-Plagioclase (10%)&#13;
-Biotite ( 10%)&#13;
-Magnification at 4x/0.10</text>
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                <text>1969</text>
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