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                  <text>(KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa</text>
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                  <text>The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were  collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected  from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas.</text>
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                  <text>Dr. Brian Lock,  Rhodes University</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â &lt;span&gt;10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â &lt;span&gt;10.1007/BF00375423&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60&lt;span&gt;[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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              <text>Lesotho Formation</text>
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                <text>Contact Rock</text>
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                <text>This hornfels was collected from a section of contact metamorphism immediately above the dolerite of the formation from the farm Murrelfontein. It has "spots" of quartz, most likely inverted from tridymite spherulites, in a matrix of devitrified glass with mullite and cordierite. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. The ground mass is light gray and anhedral, medium-grained dodecahedral brownish gray phenocrysts  make up 25% of the hornfel. Some small spots of bright red iron staining (~1 mm) occur. The phenocrysts are opaque in thin section. &#13;
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                <text>http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17</text>
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                <text>KBR-15</text>
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                <text>Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa</text>
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                <text>183-179 Ma (Jurassic)</text>
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            <name>Accrual Method</name>
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                  <text>(MC) Magnet Cove Alkaline Igneous Complex -- Magnet Cove, Arkansas</text>
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                <text>Magnet Cove, Arkansas</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/7750c92ef663d3a3bc3536cbc49dc9e7.pdf"&gt;MC Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>From within visible biotite zone</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>(SW) Stillwater Complex -- Montana</text>
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      <description>A physical material with a mineral composition.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Stillwater County, Montana</text>
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                <text>approx. 2700 M.y.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c299ac286818b1a6c702d3cf0cec5b9d.pdf"&gt;SW Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains in Japan were created in an arc-arc collision, when the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc was subducted beneath the Honshu Arc. This eventually  accreted into the Tanzawa Mountains.  The samples in this collection were found in and around the Tanzawa Mountains.  The suite includes hornfels, amphibolites, quartz diorite, granophyres, and other basaltic rocks.  The samples range from fine to coarse grained.  An interesting feature found on many of the samples was a flow-like swirl of minerals in the thin section, visible in XPL.  The quartz diorite  samples had crystalline, powdery substances on them, which were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical compositions of the mentioned powdery substances were calcium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Kawate, S., and Makoto, A., 1998, Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan; exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc: Island Arc, v. 7, p. 342-358, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00194.x.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper explains the chemical variation and high SiO&lt;sub&gt;2Â &lt;/sub&gt;percentage of rocks within Tanzawa region, and describes in some depth the tectonic events that uplifted the Tanzawa Mountains. Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kitamura, K., Ishikawa, M., and Arima, M., 2003, Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc crust; constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 371, p.213-221,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00229-4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper researchs the variations in acoustic impedance between different hornblende-gabbroic rocks from Tanzawa, Japan.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mikami, K., 1953, Metamorphic rocks in the southeastern margin of the Tanzawa quartz-diorite mass: Science Reports of Yokohama National University, v. 2, p. 34-49&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper studies the chemical analysis of amphibolites resulting from contact metamorphism of the quartz-diorite mass in the Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tani, K., Dunkley, D. J., Kimura, J., Wysoczanski, R.J., Yamada, K., and Tatsumi, Y.,2010,Â Syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in an arc-arc collision zone: Evidence from the Tanzawa plutonic complex, Japan:Â Geology [Boulder], v. 38, p.215-218,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G30526.1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper discusses the collison that exposed the gabbroic rocks of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, and overall gives the reader an in-depth sturctural history of the Tanzawa Mountains.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yoshimura, T., 1997, Ca-Al silicates in low-grade metavolcanic rocks from southern Tanzawa Mountains, Central Japan: Journal of Mineralogy Petrology and Economic Geology, Â v. 92, p. 363-378, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.92.363.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper explains prevalence of greenschist facies within the Tanzawa Mountain region, and gives the mineral composition of rocks from southern region of Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Thin Section:&#13;
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains in Japan were created in an arc-arc collision, when the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc was subducted beneath the Honshu Arc. This eventually  accreted into the Tanzawa Mountains.  The samples in this collection were found in and around the Tanzawa Mountains.  The suite includes hornfels, amphibolites, quartz diorite, granophyres, and other basaltic rocks.  The samples range from fine to coarse grained.  An interesting feature found on many of the samples was a flow-like swirl of minerals in the thin section, visible in XPL.  The quartz diorite  samples had crystalline, powdery substances on them, which were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical compositions of the mentioned powdery substances were calcium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. </text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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              <name>References</name>
              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17996">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Kawate, S., and Makoto, A., 1998, Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan; exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc: Island Arc, v. 7, p. 342-358, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00194.x.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper explains the chemical variation and high SiO&lt;sub&gt;2Â &lt;/sub&gt;percentage of rocks within Tanzawa region, and describes in some depth the tectonic events that uplifted the Tanzawa Mountains. Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kitamura, K., Ishikawa, M., and Arima, M., 2003, Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc crust; constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 371, p.213-221,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00229-4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper researchs the variations in acoustic impedance between different hornblende-gabbroic rocks from Tanzawa, Japan.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mikami, K., 1953, Metamorphic rocks in the southeastern margin of the Tanzawa quartz-diorite mass: Science Reports of Yokohama National University, v. 2, p. 34-49&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper studies the chemical analysis of amphibolites resulting from contact metamorphism of the quartz-diorite mass in the Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tani, K., Dunkley, D. J., Kimura, J., Wysoczanski, R.J., Yamada, K., and Tatsumi, Y.,2010,Â Syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in an arc-arc collision zone: Evidence from the Tanzawa plutonic complex, Japan:Â Geology [Boulder], v. 38, p.215-218,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G30526.1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper discusses the collison that exposed the gabbroic rocks of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, and overall gives the reader an in-depth sturctural history of the Tanzawa Mountains.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yoshimura, T., 1997, Ca-Al silicates in low-grade metavolcanic rocks from southern Tanzawa Mountains, Central Japan: Journal of Mineralogy Petrology and Economic Geology, Â v. 92, p. 363-378, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.92.363.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper explains prevalence of greenschist facies within the Tanzawa Mountain region, and gives the mineral composition of rocks from southern region of Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The samples were found in the Tanzawa Mountains of Kanto, Japan. &#13;
</text>
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains were formed during the late Pliocene. </text>
                </elementText>
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              <text>(Zone V)</text>
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                <text>Slate - Hornfels - Whetstone </text>
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                <text>Rock Sample: &#13;
The sample is metamorphic.  It is green to light-green in color.  There are very course grained tabular zones of metamorphism (12x4cm) and light to dark layering with non-uniform shapes and patterns.  The grains are aphanitic.  The majority of the sample has an overall smooth texture.&#13;
&#13;
Thin Section:&#13;
The thin section has small vein-like fractures filled in by larger quartz crystals.There are some fractures that are not filled in.  It is Quartz-rich, though the size of the quartz crystals are small. &#13;
-Quartz (80%)&#13;
-Pyroxene (20%)&#13;
-Magnification at 4x/0.10</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1969</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/10"&gt;Tanzawa Mountains--Metamorphic Suite, Japan&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>TMJ-1</text>
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                <text>Tanzawa Mountains, Japan   South Portal of tunnel (Zone V)</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Dorais, M.J., 2003, The petrogenesis and emplacement of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite: American Journal of Science, v. 303, pp. 447-487,Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of each of the four series in the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Clark, R.G., and Lyons, J.B., 1986, Petrogenesis of the Kinsman intrusive suite; peraluminous granitiods of western New Hampshire: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, pp. 1365-1393&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of the Kinsman Quartz Monzonite in detail.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke, E.F., 1978, Petrology of Spaulding Group tonalites from Penacook Quadrangle, New Hampshire [Ph.D. Thesis], Dartmouth College, 117 p.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This thesis details the emplacement, formation, and petrology of the Spaulding Quartz Diorite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lathrop, A.S., Blum, J.D., and Chamberlain, C.P., 1996, Nd, Sr and O isotopic study of the petrogeneseis of two syntectonic members of the New Hampshire plutonic series: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 124, pp. 126-138.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the elemental and isotopic analyses of the New Hampshire magma series in order to better understand the petrogenesis of the suite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lyons, J.B., and Livingston, D.E., 1977, Rb-Sr age of the New Hampshire Plutonic Series: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, pp. 1808-1812&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper uses Rb-Sr isotopic analyses in order to age date the four different members of the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hypersthene Quartz Diorite from the Spaulding Quartz Diorite.  Thin section contains pyroxene, quartz, biotite, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar.  Hand sample shows micas, quartz, feldspars, and pyroxene. </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/11"&gt;New Hampshire Magma Series&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Concord Quad., on ramp of Exit 8 on I-89E, across from highway 103. </text>
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                <text>Kingdom: Animalia &lt;br /&gt; Phylum: Chordata &lt;br /&gt; Class: Reptilia &lt;br /&gt; Order: Ichthyosauria &lt;br /&gt; Family:&lt;br /&gt; Genus: &lt;br /&gt; Species: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                  <text>(PH) Powderhorn (Iron Hill) Carbonatite Suite -- Gunnison County, SW Colorado</text>
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                  <text>The Powderhorn (Iron Hill) Carbonatite is located in Gunnison County in about the center of the southwestern quadrant of Colorado. It is a pear-shaped body which is essentially conical at depth, and is exposed over an area of about 12 square miles. The carbonatite body covers about 2 and a half square miles; About 70 percent of the in pyroxenite which was subsequently intruded by or replaced by nepheline and melilite-bearing rocks; magnetite-perovskite, and carbonatite.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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