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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;Currie, K.L., Whalen, J.B., Davis, W.J., Longstaffe, F.J., and Cousens, B.L., 1998, Geochemical evolution of peraluminous plutons in southern Nova Scotia, Canada-a pegmatite-poor suite:Lithos, v. 44, p.117-140, doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)0051-6"&gt;10.1016/S0024-4937(98)0051-6&lt;/a&gt; â€¢ This paper gives information on the geology of southern Nova Scotia and provides a strong example for the rock suite present. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cambell, D., Shimeld, J., Deptuck, M.E., Mosher, J.C., Seismic Stratigraphic framework and depositional history of a large Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic depocenter off southwest Nova Scotia, Canada: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 65, p. 22-42, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.016"&gt;&lt;span class="paddingR15"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Â  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful as it outlines the stratrigraphy and depositional history of the region. This is key in understanding much of the regions history and allows geologists to better understand what exactly is metamorphosed and why.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Greenough, J.D., Jone, M.L., and Mossman, D.J., 1989, The Sr isotopic composition of early Jurassic mafic rocks of Atlantic Canada: Implications for assimilation and injection mechanism affecting mafic dykes: Chemical Geology, v. 80, p. 17-26, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi/org/10.1016/0168-9622(89)90044-4"&gt;10.1016/0168-9622(89)90044-4&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful for describing the dykes in Atlantic Canada as well as injections that formed much of the suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Merle, R., Marzoli, A., Reisberg, L., Bertrand, H., Nemchin, A., Chiaradia, M., Callegaro, S., Jourdan, F., Bellieni, G., Kontak, D., Puffer, J., Mchone, J., 2014, Sr, Nd, Pb, and Os isotope systematics of CAMP tholeiites from Eastern North America (ENA): Evidence of a subduction-enriched mantle source: Journal of Petrology, v. 55, p. 133-180, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt063"&gt;&lt;span class="paddingR15"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1093/petrology/egt063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper outline the subduction in the region as well as outling the petrologic controls on the region, specifically with an eye on Seldon, Nova Soctia. this is particularly imporant when considering the pegmatites in the suite and other igneous bodies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muecke, G. K., Pride, C., and Sarkar, P., 1979, Rare-earth element geochemistry of regional metamorphic rocks: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 11, p. 449-464, doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(79)90043-0"&gt;10.1016/0079-1946(79)90043-0&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful for as it describes the geochemistry of the suite on a large scale and provides reference for what should be seen in the suite.</text>
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                  <text>Samples are Cambrian to lower Ordovician greywackes and shales that were regionally metamorphosed and intruded by granites during the Devonian. &#13;
Samples taken in 1988. </text>
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                  <text>These samples were taken from the Shelburne area of Nova Scotia. This is the southeastern shore of Nova Scotia. </text>
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                  <text>The suite consists of samples from an ophiolite suite that outcrops in 3 locations in the Apennine mountain range in northern Italy.Â  The units are severely imbricated and folded.Â  The units are Cretaceous-Eocene in age.Â  The units consist of ultramafic rock, gabbro and peridotite instrusions, and basaltic magmas.</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>Northern Apennines, Liguria Region, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 are taken from the region around Bargone, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are taken from the region around Sassello, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Sample 22 is taken from outside Genoa, Italy</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/" target="_blank"&gt;The Geneseo Geoscience Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Purchased by Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/f05be3235672a33d1b5e5e4fa6e6f9b1.pdf"&gt;NM Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>country rock</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>(PPC) Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- Panoche Pass, California</text>
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                  <text>This collection consists of 20 samples taken from Panoche Pass, California.  These samples are representative of rocks that can be found in the Franciscan assemblage throughout California.  These rocks made up the accretionary wedge during the Nevadan Orogeny and were accreted onto the west coast of North America. Rocks in this suite range from seafloor sediments all the way to eclogite facies metamorphics.</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="Êºhttp://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/items/show/162Êº"&gt;Panoche Pass, California Western Minerals Supplemental Materials&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>PPC-10</text>
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                <text>Panoche Pass, California</text>
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            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Mid to Late Jurassic</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>(KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were  collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected  from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Dr. Brian Lock,  Rhodes University</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â &lt;span&gt;10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-pages"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â &lt;span&gt;10.1007/BF00375423&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60&lt;span&gt;[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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          <description>Formation or other descriptive rock category</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The metasomatised pyroclastics are from the farm Thysfontein. They are baked and well indurated. Induration is the hardening of rocks by heat or baking as well as the hardening of sediments by cementation or compaction. The pyroclastics are metesomatised, chemically altered by hydrothermal fluids. It has  coarse to medium grained, holocrystalline,and hypidiomorphic-granular texture. There are black subhedral crystals (1 mm- 4 mm). The surface is weathered to be white and yellow. There are  1 mm- 2  mm pock marks of red staining on the fresh surface. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00375423"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Differentiation of tholeiitic Karroo magma at Birds River, South Africa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17</text>
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                <text>Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa</text>
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            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13309">
                <text>183-179 Ma (Jurassic)</text>
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            <name>Accrual Method</name>
            <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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  <item itemId="2093" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>(LT) Littleton Formation Metamorphic Suite -- New Hampshire </text>
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                <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/ab40af99a6356f6acf4cf7553cb67b6a.pdf"&gt;LT Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/ab40af99a6356f6acf4cf7553cb67b6a.pdf"&gt;LT Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Samples from the Shelburne area representative of the full range of metamorphic grades. This suite includes a high grade pelitic xenolith as well as samples of the Shelburne granite and aluminum-rich pegmatites. Furthermore a lampophric dyke that intruded from the basement rock to the Meguma Terrace is featured.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;Currie, K.L., Whalen, J.B., Davis, W.J., Longstaffe, F.J., and Cousens, B.L., 1998, Geochemical evolution of peraluminous plutons in southern Nova Scotia, Canada-a pegmatite-poor suite:Lithos, v. 44, p.117-140, doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)0051-6"&gt;10.1016/S0024-4937(98)0051-6&lt;/a&gt; â€¢ This paper gives information on the geology of southern Nova Scotia and provides a strong example for the rock suite present. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cambell, D., Shimeld, J., Deptuck, M.E., Mosher, J.C., Seismic Stratigraphic framework and depositional history of a large Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic depocenter off southwest Nova Scotia, Canada: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 65, p. 22-42, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.016"&gt;&lt;span class="paddingR15"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Â  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful as it outlines the stratrigraphy and depositional history of the region. This is key in understanding much of the regions history and allows geologists to better understand what exactly is metamorphosed and why.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Greenough, J.D., Jone, M.L., and Mossman, D.J., 1989, The Sr isotopic composition of early Jurassic mafic rocks of Atlantic Canada: Implications for assimilation and injection mechanism affecting mafic dykes: Chemical Geology, v. 80, p. 17-26, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi/org/10.1016/0168-9622(89)90044-4"&gt;10.1016/0168-9622(89)90044-4&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful for describing the dykes in Atlantic Canada as well as injections that formed much of the suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Merle, R., Marzoli, A., Reisberg, L., Bertrand, H., Nemchin, A., Chiaradia, M., Callegaro, S., Jourdan, F., Bellieni, G., Kontak, D., Puffer, J., Mchone, J., 2014, Sr, Nd, Pb, and Os isotope systematics of CAMP tholeiites from Eastern North America (ENA): Evidence of a subduction-enriched mantle source: Journal of Petrology, v. 55, p. 133-180, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt063"&gt;&lt;span class="paddingR15"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1093/petrology/egt063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper outline the subduction in the region as well as outling the petrologic controls on the region, specifically with an eye on Seldon, Nova Soctia. this is particularly imporant when considering the pegmatites in the suite and other igneous bodies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muecke, G. K., Pride, C., and Sarkar, P., 1979, Rare-earth element geochemistry of regional metamorphic rocks: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 11, p. 449-464, doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(79)90043-0"&gt;10.1016/0079-1946(79)90043-0&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€¢ This paper is useful for as it describes the geochemistry of the suite on a large scale and provides reference for what should be seen in the suite.</text>
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                  <text>Samples are Cambrian to lower Ordovician greywackes and shales that were regionally metamorphosed and intruded by granites during the Devonian. &#13;
Samples taken in 1988. </text>
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                  <text>These samples were taken from the Shelburne area of Nova Scotia. This is the southeastern shore of Nova Scotia. </text>
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                <text>Macroscopic: Biotite, muscovite schist. This sample was a part of a roof pendant, or a piece of rock the surrounded a batholith. Likely part of the silimanite zone. Microscopic: This sample under thin section displays an almost entirely mica and quartz composition. Thin section pictures in XPL unless otherwise noted in the title of the picuture. Thin sections are 3mm across.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/14"&gt;Pelitic Metamorphic Suite, Shelburne, Nova Scotia&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Migmatitic biotite gneiss</text>
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                <text>Hwy 10 road cut; just north of Trout Brook, NH; SW and opposite of Wright Hill, NH&#13;
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Biotite gneiss</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25384">
                <text>150</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25385">
                <text>Mobile, ALA.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="86">
            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25386">
                <text>Mobile, AL Quadrangle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25387">
                <text>W.K. McKinley, E.R. Batteen, Harold Williams</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25388">
                <text>1940</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25389">
                <text>MAP144A-4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25390">
                <text>US Geological Survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25391">
                <text>Topography</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="115">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25392">
                <text>Mobile, Alabama, United States</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25393">
                <text>1:62500</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="112">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25394">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25396">
                <text>Weeks Bay, Grand Bay, Cedar Point, Fairhope, Hurley, Wilmer, Creola, Bay Minette</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="104">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25397">
                <text>"One Hundred Topograhpic Maps Illustrating Specific Physiographic Features"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
