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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Northern Apennines, Liguria Region, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 are taken from the region around Bargone, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are taken from the region around Sassello, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Sample 22 is taken from outside Genoa, Italy</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/656"&gt;Volcanic Phenomena Suite - The Hawaiian Islands of Hawaii and Oahu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>(HA) Volcanic Phenomena Suite -- The Hawaiian Islands of Hawaii and Oahu</text>
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                  <text>These 31 samples comprise a collection of volcanic rocks associated with the hot-spot volcanism of the Hawaiian Islands. Samples were collected from various locations across the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. The collection contains samples of primarily tholeiitic &amp; alkalic basalts, pumice, scoria, oceanite, and hawaiite. </text>
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                  <text>1969</text>
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                  <text>Samples were collected from various locations on the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. </text>
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                  <text>Samples formed from Holocene eruptions of the past 300 years. Dated samples formed between 1750 and 1960. </text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1949, Petrography of the Island of Hawaii, U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 214 D&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article is a part of the general investigation of the island of Hawaii by the United States Geologic Survey. The paper describes the dominant volcanoes of the island of Hawaii (from which most of the suite's samples were collected) and describes the petrographic phenomena observed and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho, R.A., Garcia, M.O., 1988, Origin of differentiated lavas at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; implications from the 1955 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, p. 35-46.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes a study of lava flows from the 1955 eruption of the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii to evaluate models of crystal fractionation or magma mixing as the processes forming differentiated magmas. Through geochemical analyses, the study concluded that crystal fractionation resulted in the observed differentiation of lavas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hofman, A.W., Farnetani, C.G., 2013, Two Views of Hawaiian Plume Structure: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.14, p. 5308-5322, doi:10.1002/2013GC004942&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article presents two opposing views of the source of magmas for the Hawaiian volcanoes. Both views favor a deep mantle source, but try to explain differences in isotopic compositions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macdonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian LavasÂ &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; GSA Memoirs 1968, p. 477-522&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides geochemical analysis of major elements as well as determinations of minor elements of volcanic rocks from the island of Hawaii. The article describes the three major rock types - tholeitic, alkalic, and nephelinic - and concludes these rock suites are chemically intergradational and are likely derived from crystal differentiation of a single parent magma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the Island of Hawaii: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1471-1484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article proposes a chronologic evolution of the island of Hawaii, from where many of the suite's samples were collected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Pumice</text>
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                <text>Hand Sample: Aphanitic light gray vesicular pumice. Sample has incredibly low specific gravity due to abundant vesicles. Vesicles range in size from less than 0.1cm to 0.3cm. Some vesicles on cut face appear to be filled in with a lighter material. Sample contains blocks of Trachyte Obsidian from sample HA-22. </text>
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                <text>Puu Waawaa quarry, Hualalai - Island of Hawaii</text>
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                  <text>(TMJ) Quartz-rich Metamorphic Suite -- Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto, Japan</text>
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains in Japan were created in an arc-arc collision, when the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc was subducted beneath the Honshu Arc. This eventually  accreted into the Tanzawa Mountains.  The samples in this collection were found in and around the Tanzawa Mountains.  The suite includes hornfels, amphibolites, quartz diorite, granophyres, and other basaltic rocks.  The samples range from fine to coarse grained.  An interesting feature found on many of the samples was a flow-like swirl of minerals in the thin section, visible in XPL.  The quartz diorite  samples had crystalline, powdery substances on them, which were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical compositions of the mentioned powdery substances were calcium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. </text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17996">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Kawate, S., and Makoto, A., 1998, Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan; exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc: Island Arc, v. 7, p. 342-358, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00194.x.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper explains the chemical variation and high SiO&lt;sub&gt;2Â &lt;/sub&gt;percentage of rocks within Tanzawa region, and describes in some depth the tectonic events that uplifted the Tanzawa Mountains. Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kitamura, K., Ishikawa, M., and Arima, M., 2003, Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc crust; constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 371, p.213-221,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00229-4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper researchs the variations in acoustic impedance between different hornblende-gabbroic rocks from Tanzawa, Japan.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mikami, K., 1953, Metamorphic rocks in the southeastern margin of the Tanzawa quartz-diorite mass: Science Reports of Yokohama National University, v. 2, p. 34-49&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper studies the chemical analysis of amphibolites resulting from contact metamorphism of the quartz-diorite mass in the Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tani, K., Dunkley, D. J., Kimura, J., Wysoczanski, R.J., Yamada, K., and Tatsumi, Y.,2010,Â Syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in an arc-arc collision zone: Evidence from the Tanzawa plutonic complex, Japan:Â Geology [Boulder], v. 38, p.215-218,Â &lt;br /&gt;link:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G30526.1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper discusses the collison that exposed the gabbroic rocks of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, and overall gives the reader an in-depth sturctural history of the Tanzawa Mountains.Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yoshimura, T., 1997, Ca-Al silicates in low-grade metavolcanic rocks from southern Tanzawa Mountains, Central Japan: Journal of Mineralogy Petrology and Economic Geology, Â v. 92, p. 363-378, &lt;br /&gt;link: http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.92.363.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This paper explains prevalence of greenschist facies within the Tanzawa Mountain region, and gives the mineral composition of rocks from southern region of Tanzawa Mountains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Â &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The samples were found in the Tanzawa Mountains of Kanto, Japan. &#13;
</text>
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                  <text>The Tanzawa Mountains were formed during the late Pliocene. </text>
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              <text>Pumpellyite prehnite basaltic tuff breccia</text>
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                <text>Rock Sample:&#13;
The color is mainly a very dark green to dark grey. Some parts of the rock exhibit greasy luster.  There are some tannish white spots and some slightly larger dark brown spots. The tannish white mineral reacts with acid.  There are dark green and faded dark green phenocrysts(~3mm in size). There are medium to coarse grained white phenocrysts (2-10mm).  Some phenocrysts touch each other with no matrix in between.  There are some areas that possess a dark grey matrix.  There are many fractures through out the sample.  It has a rough and bumpy texture overall.&#13;
&#13;
Thin Section:&#13;
There are many micro-fractures and veins.  There are many larger fractures as well.  There are also circular crystals that have a pointed center.  Some of the augite crystals are severely fractured, and have quartz veins running through the fractures.  There are many elongated quartz crystals that are curved.  There is some glass intergrown into the circular crystals.&#13;
-Matrix (55%)&#13;
-Augite (25%)&#13;
-Quartz (10%)&#13;
-Plagioclase (10%)&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/10"&gt;Tanzawa Mountains--Metamorphic Suite, Japan&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>TMJ-15</text>
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                <text>Tanzawa Mountains, Japan  Northern edge of (Zone III)</text>
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                  <text>(ADK) Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite --&#13;
 Adirondack Mountains, New York</text>
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                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State are underlain by approximately 20,000 square miles of complexly deformed, high grade metamorphic rocks which are believed to represent a southern outlier of the much larger Grenville Province.The Adirondacks can be divided into the "Lowlands" and the "Highlands" . The Lowlands comprise the northwestern quarter of the belt and are characterized by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Highlands appear to consist entirely of granulite facies rocks.  All rocks in this suite have been collected from the Highlands and predominantly from the southern quarter of the Adirondacks.  &#13;
&#13;
This suite of rocks is designed to be representative of the Highlands in general. Therefore it includes both metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks.  The latter are very common throughout the Adirondacks and contain the often-discussed anorthosite-charnockite suite of rocks. Almost all rocks in the Adirondack Highlands are strongly foliated. This is the result of intense polyphase deformation that has affected this area.&#13;
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                <elementText elementTextId="17808">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J., and Selleck, B.W.,2011,Â Megacrystic Gore Mountain-type garnets in the Adirondack Highlands; age, origin, and tectonic implications:Geosphere, v.7, no. 5, p.1194-1208, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00683.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00683.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of the megacrystic garnet amphibolites in the Gore Mountain section of the Adirondack Mountains. The authors conclude that three main factors influenced the garnet development: collapse of the Ottawan orogeny, intrusion of Lyon Mountain Granite, and fluid-related alteration at high temperature.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J.M., Bickford, M.E., Hill, B.M., Clechenko, C.C., Valley, J.W., and Hamilton, M.A., 2004,Â Direct dating of Adirondack Massif anorthosite by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of igneous zircon; implications for AMCG complexes:Â Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.116, no. 11-12, p.1299-1317, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25482.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/B25482.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes techniques used to more accurately date the Adirondack Massif anorthosite.The authors concluded that the massifsÂ &lt;span&gt;constitute a single, composite anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite intruded at ca. 1155 Ma. Although the rock suite is considered to be coeval, the authors conclude the rocks are not comagmatic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Bickford, M.E., Spear, F., and Storm, L., 2002, Geology and geochronolgy of the eastern Adirondacks inÂ &lt;span&gt;New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 94th, New York State Geological Association 74th: guidebook for field trips in New York and Vermont : Lake George, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This field trip guide provides for nine stops in the eastern Adirondacks. It also include some thin sections images and zircon images from sample rocks of the field trip stops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Daly, J.S., and McLelland, J.M., 1996,Â The Grenville orogenic cycle (ca. 1350-1000 Ma); an Adirondack perspective: Tectonophysics, v.265, issue 1-2, p.1-28, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides a detailed geochronological account of the Grenville orogeny (ca. 1350-1000 Ma) with emphasis on the impact it had on the formation of the Adirondack Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Lewis, A., and Moore, L., 1994,Â Composition and petrogenesis of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites associated with Proterozoic anorthosite massifs: examples from the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.116, p.225-238, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310702" target="_blank"&gt;10.1007/BF00310702&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article investigates the occurence of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites with anorthosite massifs of the Adirondacks. The authors describe a multilple-step process of plagioclase crystal fractionation that ultimately leads to high concentrations of P, Fe, and Ti.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;New York State Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html"&gt;http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The NYS Geological Survey is a division of the New York State Museum system. This web page provides some details about the Adirondack Highlands and pictures of various minerals found in this region.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regan, S.P., Chiarenzelli, J.R., McLelland,Â J.M., and Cousens, B. L., 2011,Â Evidence for an enriched asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros in the Adirondack Highlands: Geosphere, v.7, issue 3, p.&lt;span&gt;Â 694-709, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00629.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00629.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of coronitc metagabbros through tectonic processes involving the asthenosphere. Through geochemical and isotopic analyses, the authors provide a timeline of tectonic and petrologic events that supports an asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains were formed approximately 1.1- 1.3 billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny (Precambrian eon, Proterozic era).</text>
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              <text>Royal Mountain Member, Green Lake Formation</text>
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                <text>Pyroxene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss</text>
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                <text>Adirondack Highlands-collected from a large road cut on the east side of NY routes 10 &amp;29A across from the Canada Lake Store.</text>
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                <text>Precambrian</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/7"&gt;Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite-Adirondack Mountains, New York&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Accrual Method</name>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                <text>This  specimen consists of 50-60% andesine, 20-30% quartz, and minor pyroxene and hornblende. Associated with this lithology are 2-6 inch layers of pyroxene-plagioclase granulite and amphibolite. It is believed that the Royal Mountain Member gneiss represents a metamorphosed layered instrusion of overall tonalitic composition. Numerous internal features, such as xenoliths and possible slump structures, support this hypothesis.&#13;
Thin section shows plagioclase, quartz and hornblende.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18027">
                <text>1980</text>
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                    <text>Pyroxenite</text>
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                    <text>Thin Section in XPL.</text>
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                    <text>Thin Section in PPL.</text>
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                  <text>(PH) Powderhorn (Iron Hill) Carbonatite Suite -- Gunnison County, SW Colorado</text>
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                  <text>The Powderhorn (Iron Hill) Carbonatite is located in Gunnison County in about the center of the southwestern quadrant of Colorado. It is a pear-shaped body which is essentially conical at depth, and is exposed over an area of about 12 square miles. The carbonatite body covers about 2 and a half square miles; About 70 percent of the in pyroxenite which was subsequently intruded by or replaced by nepheline and melilite-bearing rocks; magnetite-perovskite, and carbonatite.</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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              <name>References</name>
              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17817">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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      <description>A physical material with a mineral composition.</description>
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              <text>2</text>
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                <text>Pyroxenite </text>
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                <text>Coarse pyroxenite, with traces of nepheline. This is the freshest pyroxenite that was found. It occurs near the nepheline syenite body in the eastern part of the complex.</text>
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                <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/items/show/33"&gt;Powderhorn Carbonatite Minerals Supplementary Information&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>PH-1 </text>
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                <text>Powderhorn, CO</text>
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            <name>Accrual Method</name>
            <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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